The population of Estonia has declined
The positive balance of migration could not compensate for the negative increase, and the population decreased by almost 5,000 people. Compared to the previous year, the number of births decreased by 11.5%.
A sharp decrease in the number of births lasted for three years, which last year intensified and led to a new negative record in the number of births lasted.
According to the Department of Statistics, as of January 1, 2025, 1,369,995 people live in Estonia. Last year, 9690 people were born and 15,756 died.
According to the head of the group of statistics and the education of the Department of Statistics of Terier Trusberg, in 2024 18,634 people arrived in Estonia, 17,260 people left the country.
“The natural increase last year was negative (-6066 people), but the balance of migration remained positive (+1374 people). Since the negative increase compared with the previous years intensified, the positive balance of migration could no longer compensate for it. Thus, the population last year decreased by almost 5,000 people, ”said Terier Tracberg. According to her, the last time the population of Estonia was reduced in 2016.
Last year, for the first time in the history of the demographic statistics of Estonia, which has been conducted since 1919, the number of births was less than 10,000. Compared to the previous year, the number of births decreased by 11.5% (in 2023 – 10 949). “The average age of women in labor is still increasing. Compared to the situation 10 years ago, the age of the original increased by more than two years and has now reached 28.9 years. This is a year less than the average for the European Union, ”said Tracberg.
“In 2024, 15,800 people died, which is almost as much as in 2023 and in the dopandemic period. Unfortunately, in 2024, a sharp decrease in the number of births lasted for three years, which increased and led to a new negative record of the birth of births last year, ”she said and added that the low number of births in the future is still an unstable situation in society.
Last year, 18,634 people immigrated to Estonia, 17,260 people left the country. The balance of migration has amounted to 1347 people, which is the lowest in 2016. “The number of immigrants is comparable to the period preceding the war in Ukraine and the pandemic, but the number of emigrants has become the largest in the last decade. Among other things, the departure of Ukrainians also affects this, ”said Tracberg and added that last year the emigration exceeded the average for the last ten years by 5,000 people.
Last year, 5218 arrived in the country and left the country of 6472 citizens of Estonia, that is, the number of arrivals was 1254 less than the number of those who left. 7013 citizens of Ukraine arrived in Estonia (in 2023 – 13,082, in 2022 – 33 217), Estonia left – 3829 citizens of this country.
“In 2024, the number of citizens of Ukraine who arrived in Estonia was doubled compared to the previous year and almost five times compared to 2022. There is an increase in emigration of citizens of Ukraine. Last year, the immigration of Russian citizens was significantly reduced. The balance of their migration for more than two decades again became negative, that is, Estonia left almost twice as many Russian citizens than it arrived here, ”the analyst explained.
Estonian citizenship has 82% (1,123,000) residents of Estonia, 6% has Russian citizenship, 5%-citizenship of Ukraine, 4%-indefinite citizenship and 3%-citizenship of any other state. The number of Estonians by nationality increased by almost 3,000 people, the share of Estonians from the total population is 68% (935,000). The number of Russians by nationality decreased by more than 10,000 people.
For 65% (893,000) residents of the Estonian language is native. By nationality, 83% of Estonia citizens consider themselves Estonians, the Estonian language is native to 79%.
The migration data published here took into account people who moved to live in Estonia on an ongoing basis (immigration) or lived in Estonia constantly before emigration. Emigrants do not include those military refugees who were in Estonia in transit. The persons who have received temporary protection are reflected in the population only if they came to live in Estonia on an ongoing basis.
In addition to unregistered migration, published in January of the initial data published in the initial data published in January of the initial data, published by the Department of Statistics.
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