Salaries, those who have lost more: from 2019 to 2023 increases to 3% stop for teachers while in the recovery of 9% growth paychecks
Among the wages that lose purchasing power also strong differences between stable and not workers. To women 6,500 euros less per year. The Fiscal Drag knot
It is true, As the Report of Oil (International Labor Organization) says On wages, which in Italy – the country of the G20 where real wages have fallen more from 2008 to today (-8.7%, against an increase of about 5% in France and almost 15% in Germany) – in 2024 the situation improved, thanks to an increase in salaries higher than that of inflation. But this +2.3% is little compared to the purchasing power lost in the last 17 years. The relationship does not say it, but this also happened because of the Fiscal Draga phenomenon of which there was a lot of talk in the seventies and eighties and which instead is now strangely overlooked.
Because wages decrease
As demonstrated by several studies (Bruno Anastasia, Marco Leonardi and others), despite the repeated cuts of the Cuneo from 2020 onwards, the major taxes paid due to the increase in the nominal income driven by inflation (the prices have risen by about 20% between 2019 and today) were not compensated, determining an impoverishment of the net salary net. To which a dynamic of the contractual wages also contributed which, as stated in the Oil report, despite having increased by 15% on average in nominal terms, have lost more than 5 points compared to inflation.
The categories that have suffered most
This in general, but what are the categories that have suffered most? Answering this question is necessary because the scenario below the middle school is extremely varied. They range from elderly workers with a permanent place to precarious young people, foreigners.
Actual wages
A reliable photograph of the situation is contained in the last INPS report (September 2024) which analyzes the gross salary for the set of public and private employees (excluding domestic and agricultural workers, which we will talk about later). It is, it is the INPS, the « remuneration actually paid » based on the « time actually worked ». And yes, because it is one thing to work full time all year round, taking a gross remuneration that in 2023 was on average 39,176 euros, and another is always working all year but part time, because in this case the paycheck is more than halved: on average 17,966 euros gross. Even worse situation if you only work a part of the year (fixed -term contracts and more). Here the medium gross salary in 2023 was 18,129 euros for those who worked full -time and 8,490 euros for those who have worked part time instead.
Who wins and who loses
If we go down in detail of the categories, we see that, in the period 2019-2023, a permanent private employee saw 6.4%salary increase, reaching a gross average of 29,417 euros in 2023, and a public employee of 8.4%, reaching 37,898. But if in these same categories we take a fixed -term employee, the increase drops to 1.4% in the private sector, for an average gross salary of 10,156 euros, and even drops by 3.2% in the public, stopping at 16,990 euros. Even more in detail, according to the INPS tables, the greatest increases, between 10 and 12% in the period 2019-23, went to employees of the food industry, construction, credit and finance, entertainment and communication. At the bottom of the ranking, with increases of 3-4%, the workers of education and the water and waste sector.
Gender disparity
Finally, there are gender disparities. In 2023 the medium gross salary of employees (public and private) was 28,766 euros for men and 22,162 for women, 6,604 euros less. But age also matters. Those who on average earn less are young people up to 29 years: 14,271 euros gross in 2023, which rise to 27,208 euros in the range between 30 and 54 years and 31,797 euros over. Finally, citizenship weighs. Also in 2023, the medium gross salary was 27,162 euros for Italian workers and 16,358 for non -non -non -non -ends. Then there is a world apart, that of domestic workers and agriculture workers. The INPS censor only the regular ones, a part of the whole. In 2023 there were 834 thousand servants with an average weekly pay of 185 euros gross and 991 thousand agricultural workers with an average annual salary of 11,100 euros gross.
