Nutrition in patients at risk of cardiovascular disease

Author: Dr. Gabriela Kachakoska Naneska, Pharmacist

Cardiovascular disease is one of the most common diseases today around the world, as a result of hypertension, congenital heart failure, rheumatic heart disease and cardiac arrhythmias.
Atherosclerosis is a basic pathophysiological process of blood vessel sides that causes coronary heart disease. In this disease, cholesterol affects the lumen of the blood vessels or the arteries, which narrows the lumen and reduces the elasticity of the blood vessels, thereby reducing circulation. In this way, blood clots in the arteries lead to myocardial infarction.
Risk factors that cause atherosclerosis are smoking, insufficient physical activity, insufficient intake of minerals and vitamins, insufficient sleep, increased salt intake, excessive alcohol consumption, elevated blood pressure, hyperlipidemia, etc.…
Many studies show that diet is the most important risk factor for atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease, as excessive intake of fat and salt, and reduced intake of fish, fruits and vegetables are associated with all cardiovascular risks.

The diet plays a huge role in the patient's health and lifestyle.
The water is extremely important for good health and achievement of balance in life, both in children and adults. According to recommendations, water intake during the day is five or more glasses of water, otherwise low water intake in the body is associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease.
The meat is an important source of protein, iron, zinc, phosphorus, B vitamins. However, meat is also a source of saturated fatty acids that should not be consumed more than 30% of daily needs as they lead to weight gain, thereby increasing blood cholesterol levels, which is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The largest source of high quality protein is in red meat and thus protects the body from losing muscle mass.
The fish It contains the most water (about 70%), 20% protein, 20% fat such as triglycerides and phospholipids, vitamins A and D found in black drives and fish oil. Frequent diet with fish reduces the risk of cardiovascal diseases because in these patients blood pressure is lower. All recommendations indicate the intake of fish through the diet at least once a week.
Nuts They are rich in unsaturated fatty acids, fiber, potassium and magnesium and their frequent application improves cardiovascular health by reducing oxidative stress.
The fruit With its nutritional vitamin value it improves digestion, ie it increases the resorption. Because it is a major source of vitamins and minerals significantly reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease during daily use.
Vegetables Contains the most water (80%), protein, fat, vitamins and minerals that have anti -inflammatory, antioxidant, antithrombotic effect, lower blood pressure, regulate blood glucose levels and reduce myocardial damage.
The sweets And sugar desserts during daily use increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, as well as regular goatosing of sweetened drinks.
Coffee is one of the most prevalent drinks in the world. Moderate intake of coffee has no adverse effects on cardiovascular health. However, patients with high blood pressure should avoid greater amounts of coffee intake to regulate hypertension.
Salt As a daily state that we consume through the nourishing, according to all recommendations, it is necessary to be entered in quantities of 4-6 grams per day. Reduced salt intake contributes significantly to a decrease in blood pressure, and most studies indicate that the percentage of heart attacks decreases. Salt is best consumed simultaneously with foods rich in minerals and vitamins such as vegetables and thus reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease as well as the level of elevated blood cholesterol.
According to all this data we can conclude that:
-Patients that eat often fried and salty foods have a high risk of cardiovascular disease
-Patients that do not have sufficient physical activity or their workplace with constant seating also have a predisposition to more body weight and thus the risk of coronary disease
-People who sleep for 6-8 hours have a risk, drink enough water and eat a variety of foods
-People who sleep for more than 8 hours are at risk, consuming pork, white bread and sweets daily.