New American duties to Canada, Mexico, China and the EU
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Ever since he took office on January 20, US President Donald Trump has made numerous duty imposition – from a universal duty on imports to specific duties to certain sectors or countries, in order to force countries to comply with his political demands.
Over time, Trump’s threats change, postpone, cancel … which leaves the countries and businesses in the unknown for his next moves and creates uncertainty for consumers, while causing the stock market collapse.
21.01.25 On the first working day of his term, Trump threatened with a 25 % duty on all goods imported from Mexico and Canada, the closest US trading partners
26.01.25 Later that week, Trump offered a tax on all imported computer chips and pharmaceuticals. On the same day, he used the threat of duties to force Colombia to accept deportment flights.
30.01.25 Trump threatened the BRICS countries with 100 % duties if they give up the US dollar as a reserve currency.
1.02.25 Over the next two days, he announced a 10% duty on all Chinese imports and threatened the European Union with duties.
3.02.25 Trump paused the duties about Canada and Mexico shortly before they came into force, but introduced those against China.
8.02.25 Next week, Trump has announced a policy of « reciprocal » duties on countries that tax imports from the United States. He also shared plans for a 25 % global duty on steel and aluminum …
12.02.25 followed by Globaln Omito on foreign cars.
16.02.25 Tariff news has stopped by the end of the month …
25.02.25 … When Trump ordered an investigation into potential duties on copper and proposed additional taxation of Chinese goods.
2.03.25 He then asked for an investigation into potential duties on timber and agricultural products.
3.03.25 The new duties about China have been introduced since March 4 and the delayed taxation on all Canadian and Mexican goods briefly came into force …
5.03.25 … followed by separation to the automotive industry, Canada and Mexico goods, meeting the US, Mexico and Canada agreement, and lower tax rates on Canadian fertilizers and energy.
7.03.25 Trump then turned from Truth Social with threats Russia with indefinite duties over the war in Ukraine.
11.03.25 He suggested a doubling of duties on steel and aluminum for Canada before retreating and allowing the planned global duty on steel and aluminum to take effect.
13.03.25 After Europe promised retaliatory duties, Trump ordered 200 % duties on European alcohol.
17.03.25 After a relaxed week …
24.03.25… Trump threatened with 25% duties for each country that buys oil and gas from Venezuela …
26.03.25… and expand your promised car duties to include auto parts, then gave up to a month a discount for their manufacturers
Since March 21, the duties on goods worth about $ 800 billion have been in force. A much larger wave of trade taxes is planned to start on April 2, which will affect the trillion dollar trade.
Here are more detail what are Trump’s new commercial measures and who are targeted:
Broad duties
One of the key elements in Donald Trump’s vision involves a stage introduction of universal duties on all US imported goods.
| While duties in the past have been a major source of revenue for the United States, in recent decades, they have been a small part of tax revenues. Economists warn that Trump’s policies will cause inflation, as companies that pay duties are likely to transfer new costs to consumers. |
Possible responding measures from commercial partners, including the counter -export of agricultural products, energy resources and machines, could lead to a global trade war, creating uncertainty for business and investors.
Sides
Trump’s commercial policies affect several key trading partners:
Mexico and Canada: The two countries were US largest trading partners until November 2024, with leader Mexico. The new 25% duties on imports from Mexico and Canada came into force on March 4 as a response to the illegal migration and trafficking of fentanyl.
US customs duties include a 25% tax on most goods from Mexico and Canada, as well as a 10% duty on energy imports from Canada. Canada’s main export to the United States includes crude oil, derivatives, cars and car parts that are part of the North America production chain. Mexico also exports a significant amount of industrial and automotive products to the United States.
Responding duties from Canada
In addition, the Canadian government has said it will impose additional duties on goods for $ 125 billion, if Trump’s duties remain in force after 21 days. Possible affected sectors include the automotive industry, steel, planes, beef and pork.
Additional duties and possible negotiations
In his statement to Congress on March 4, Donald Trump announced that they would follow more duties on April 2, including « reciprocal duties » and duty -free measures to deal with the commercial imbalance.
- On March 11, Trump withdrew the planned 50% duties on steel and aluminum products from Canada after a Canadian representative announced that the country would not impose a 25% tax on electricity exports to the United States.
- On March 12, Canada – the largest external provider of steel and aluminum for the United States – announced that it would impose retrospective duties on US imports of $ 29.8 billion ($ 20 billion) in response to US duties on steel and aluminum.
China
Trump has imposed 10% duties on all goods imported from China since February 4, after warning Beijing about insufficient measures to stop illegal drug trafficking to the United States.
This measure was followed by a new 10% duties on Chinese goods on March 4, on duties up to 25% on Chinese imports imposed by Trump during his first term.
| China responded by announcing additional duties of 10% to 15% on some goods imports from the United States from March 10, as well as a series of new sanctions on exports to certain US businesses. China then appealed the US customs at the World Trade Organization. |
On March 12, China said it would take all necessary measures to protect its rights and interests after President Trump increased duties over all the imports of steel and aluminum in the United States.
Europe
President Donald Trump said the European Union and other countries maintain a disturbingly high trade surplus to the US. He stressed that their products would be dutched unless they increase oil and gas purchases from the United States, although US gas exports are already close to its maximum capacity.
- On February 14, the European Commission published a statement stating that it considered Washington’s « reciprocal » commercial policy as a step in the wrong direction.
Trump threatened to impose 25% « reciprocal » duties on European goods. Among the vulnerable sectors is the pharmaceutical industry, as US companies, including Johnson & Johnson and Pfizer, have large production facilities in Ireland, a key exporter of medical devices.
- On March 12, the EU announced that next month it would introduce retaliatory duties on US goods worth € 26 billion in response to US duties on steel and aluminum.
- On March 13, Trump threatened to introduce 200% duty on European wines and spirits, in response to EU duties on US whiskey and other products.
« The Art of Revenge » – How Europe picks up what from the US to tax with high duties
Products
Cars
- On March 5, Donald Trump announced that he would release some 25% duties of some car manufacturers, including Ford, General Motors and Stellanti for one month if they comply with the Free Trade Agreement.
The agreement provides for cars to contain at least 75% North American components to gain duty -free access to the US market.
The exception will also be favorable for foreign manufacturers with large factories in the United States, such as Honda and Toyota. However, competitors who do not meet the requirements will have to pay 25% duties.
Trump also hinted at possible 100% or higher duties on some vehicles, including electric vehicles. In 2024, the automotive industry reported imports worth over $ 202 billion from Canada and Mexico.
Metals
- On February 9, Trump said he would impose a duties on the import of steel and aluminum used in the automotive, aviation and construction industries.
The United States is the largest importer of aluminum in the world and the second largest steel importer, with more than half of this imports coming from Canada, Mexico and Brazil.
- On February 25, Trump ordered a check to impose new duties on copper imports to stimulate the internal production of this strategic metal used in electric vehicles, military equipment, semiconductors and consumer goods.
Currently, the United States is producing just over half of the refined honey.
Semiconductors
Trump has announced that duties on semiconductor chips will start from « 25% or more » and will increase significantly within a year, but did not specify when they will take effect.
The largest chip manufacturer – Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co (TSMC), which works for NVIDIA, Apple and other US companies, generates 70% of its revenue in 2024 from customers in North America.
Wood
- On March 1, Trump ordered a new commercial inspection that could lead to additional duties on wood imports, in addition to the existing duties on Canadian coniferous wood and 25% duties on all Canadian and Mexican goods.
Trump threatened with 200% myths of wine and champagne from Europe
Alcohol
- On March 13, Trump said he would impose a 200% duty on wine, cognac and other alcoholic beverages from Europe, in response to EU plans to introduce duties on American whiskey and other products. This is an EU responding measure against Trump’s 25% duties on steel and aluminum imports that came into force a day earlier.
