How to avoid to pierce your tire on the moon – BBC News in Serbian
Return to the Moon after half a century, and then on Mars, it requires re-fiction point, and literally.
After all, Mars is too far away to get home if you pierce your tire.
« One thing that must not befall you is a fool tire, » says Florent Menego, executive director of the French Mishelen tire manufacturer (Michelin).
The cruel conditions on Mars were especially underlined by the experience of Rover Kyuriositi without crew.
Immediately after landed in 2012., his six rigid aluminum tires were visibly drilled with holes and subtitles.
As far as the month is concerned, the goal of American missions Artemis is that the astronauts come back there, maybe until 2027. Years.
Later Missions Artemis plan to use the Lunar Rover to investigate the Moon South Pole, starting from Artemis V, currently planned for 2030. Year.
Artemisa Astronauts will drive much further than their predecessors from Apoll, which in six landings between 1969. and 1972. they never walked more than 40 kilometers over the surface of the month.
« The goal is to cover 10,000 kilometers in 10 years, » says Silvajin Bartet, who runs Mišlin’s Lunar Official Wheel Program in the central French town of Clermon Feran.
« We’re not talking about brief, weekly, we’re talking about decades of use, » says Dr. Santo Padull, who has a doctorate from the science of materials, and works for our engineer in the John Glen Research Center, Ohio.
A great challenge for every who develops technology for the month are huge temperature spans.
Since temperatures on lunar poles can fall below -230 degrees Celsius, it is not far from absolute zero, when atoms stop moving.
It’s a problem for tires.
« Without movement of atoms, it is harder for you to achieve the material to deform and return to the previous state, » says Dr. Padula.
The tires must be deformed as they go via the rocks, and then return to the original form.
« If we permanently deform the tire, it does not turn effectively, and we have problems with the loss of power, » says Dr. Padula.
The new wheels will also carry a lot larger cargo than light rovers in which the Apollains astronauts were driven.
Next space missions will have to drive according to « larger scientific platforms and mobile habitats that become growing and greater, » he says.
And that will be an even bigger problem on Mars, where gravity is twice as big as the moon.
Apols Lunar Roveri used tires made of piano wire coated with zinc in an expansion net, with a range of about 33 kilometers.
Since extreme temperatures and cosmic radios decompose the tire or converted into fragile glass, metal alloys and high-performance alloys are the main boomers for airless space tires.
« Generally, for these wheels, materials made of metal or carbon fiber are used, » says Pjetro Baljon, the leader of the Rozalind Franklin Mission to the European Space Agency (ESA), aimed at sending their own rover to Mars to 2028. Years.
The material that promises is Nitinol, nickel alloy and titanium.
« If you combine them, a metal that behaves like a tire that can bend at all these different ways and will always stretch back to its original form, » says Erl Patrik Koul, the CEO of Smart Tajer.
He flexible Nitinola properties called « one of the craziest things you will ever see ».
Nitinol is a potentially « revolutionary » material, says Doctor Padula, because the alloy also absorbs and releases energy while it changes states.
She could even have a solution for warming and cooling, « he says.
However, Bartet from Mishla thinks that the material closer to high-performance plastics would better suit the tires that need to cross large distances on the moon.
In the meantime, Bridzstoun took access to bio-mimickers, making a pad of pads on camel feet.
Camels have soft, fattening pads on their feet that distribute their weight to the wider area, preventing their feet that their feet sink in the distres sandy ground.
Inspired by Time, Bridgetone uses a felt-like material for her furrows, while the wheel consists of thin metal spokes that can bend.
This bending distributes the weight of the lunar model to a wider area of contact, so it can drive without stuck in the fragments of rocks and dust on the surface of the moon.
Mishlen and Bridgetone are part of another consortium, which together with California Ventura Astrolab, represent their own tire technology in the center of John Glen.
It is expected to make a decision later during the year.
She could choose a suggestion or to adopt the elements of several of them.
During this time, Mislen tests the tires by driving a rover sample by volcano near Clermon, whose dusty terrain resembles the surface of the month.
Bridzstoun works the same on the sand dunes of Totori in West Japan.
Esa also explores the possibility for Europe to make a rover for other missions, says Bartet.
That work could have some useful applications here on Earth.
As he dealt with a doctorate at the University of Southern California, Dr. Koul joined the entrepreneurial program of ours to work on commercialization of some of the technologies from the Super-Elastic Rubber Robe Technology.
The early product of this year will be tires for nickel bikes.
With a price of about $ 150 for one, these tires are much more expensive than ordinary, but would be extremely durable.
He also plans to work on hardy motorcycle tires this year, intended areas with uneven roads.
Because of all this, his « dream » remains to play a role in the return of humanity to the moon.
« If I could tell the kids, look up there, on the moon, » he says.
« Well, Tatin’s tires are up there. »
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